The Systems Approach
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A problem solving technique that
uses a systems orientation to define
problems and opportunities and develop appropriate and feasible solutions.
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Analyzing a problem and
formulating a solution involves the following interrelated activities:
- Recognize and define a problem or opportunity using
systems thinking
- Develop and evaluate
alternative system solutions
- Select the system
solution that best meets your requirements
- Design the selected
system solution
- Implement and evaluate the success of the designed
system
System Thinking
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Seeing the forest and the trees in
any situation by:
o
Seeing interrelationships among
systems rather than linear cause and effect chains whenever events occur
o
Seeing processes of change
among systems rather than discrete
snapshots of change, whenever changes occur
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See the system in any situation:
o
Find the input, processing,
output, feedback and control components
Initiating Systems
Development
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Systems development initiatives
o
Arise from all levels of an
organization
o
Can be planned or unplanned
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Number of reasons for initiating
systems development projects
o
Infrastructure protection,
mergers, acquisitions, federal regulations, etc.
Establishing Objectives for
Systems Development
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Overall objective of systems
development: achieve business goals, not technical goals
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Mission critical systems: play
pivotal role in attainment
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Goals defined for an organization
also define objectives
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Critical success factors (CSFs):
factors essential to success of a
functional area of an organization
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Performance objectives
o
Output quality or usefulness
o
Output accuracy
o
Output format quality or
usefulness
o
Speed at which output is produced
o
Scalability of resulting system
o
Risk of the system
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Cost objectives
o
Development costs
o
Costs of uniqueness of system
application
o
Fixed investments in hardware and
related equipment
o
Ongoing operating costs
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