Pertemuan 10

Business Information Systems Strategy

Referensi :
Bocij, Chaffey, Greasley, Hickie, Business Information Systems, 3rd Edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006
Ward, J., & Peppard, J. (2002). Strategic Planning for Information Systems. (R. Boland & R. Hirschheim,
Eds.) Long Range Planning(Vol. 23, p. 128). Wiley.

Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you will be able to:
o Understand the meaning of Strategy and Plan
o define approaches for integrating IS strategy with business strategy
o apply simple strategic analysis tools to determine IS strategy

What is Strategy ?
A strategy is a collection of statements that express or propose a means through which an organization can ful fill its primary purpose or mission
Strategy (text book)
An integrated set of actions aimed at increasing long term well being and strength of enterprise relative to  competitors.
Relationship of Strategies to Plans
Strategy is a collection of statements that expresses or proposes a means through which an organization can fulfill its mission
o Identifies the goal or objective
o Insight
Plan is a detailed description of how an organization can accomplish its mission
o Lays out in detail the steps necessary for the organization to accomplish the goal
o Plans turn insights into actions
Strategy Aproaches
Prescriptive  Planned analytical approach
Emergent  Responsive to changes to market and business needs.
To what extent can IS strategy be prescriptive
and emergent?
Elemeny Of IS Strategy
Business information strategy: This defines how information, knowledge and the applications portfolio will be used to support business objectives. Increasingly, a chief information officer (CIO) or chief knowledge officer (CKO) who is part of, or reports to, the senior management team is appointed to be responsible for defining and implementing this strategy.
IS functionality strategy: This defines, in more detail, the requirements for e-business services delivered by the range of business applications (the applications portfolio).
IT strategy (IS/IT strategy): This defines the software and hardware standards and suppliers which make up the e-business infrastructure.
Applications portfolio: The range of different types of business information systems deployed within an organisation.
IT vs IS Strategy
IS strategy: Determination of the most appropriate processes and resources to ensure that information rovision supports business strategy.
IT strategy: Determination of the mostappropriate technological infrastructure comprising hardware,networksand software applications.
Environment
Micro-environment: Immediate environment includes customers, competitors, suppliers and distributors.
Macro-environment: Wider environment of social, legal, economic, political and technological influences.

Pertemuan 9

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Project :

A project

Is a set of activities with a clear beginning and end

Projects :

Projects are unique, one time operations designed to accomplish a specific set of objectives in a limited timeframe.

Each project has

Goals

Objectives

Tasks

Limitations

Managing a project :

To manage a project need:

Process

Tools

Techniques

Five Phases of project management :

Initiating/defining

State the problems/goals

Identify the objectives

Secure resources

Explore costs/benefits in feasibility study

Planning

Identify and sequence activities

Estimate time and resources needed for completion

Write a detailed project plan

Executing

Commit resources to specific tasks

Add additional resources/personnel if necessary

Initiate project work

Controlling

Establish reporting obligations

Create reporting tools

Compare actual progress with baseline

Initiate control interventions if necessary

Closing

Install all deliverables

Finalize all obligations/commitments

Meet with stakeholders

Release project resources

Document the project

Issue final report

Project Management Process

The project management process includes the

following main elements:

estimate

schedule/plan

monitoring and control

documentation.

REFRENSI :

Bocij, Chaffey, Greasley, Hickie, Business Information Systems, 3rd Edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

S.W.O.T

Pengertian / Definisi Analisis SWOT

`Analisis SWOT adalah metode perencanaan strategis yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kekuatan (strengths), kelemahan (weaknesses), peluang (opportunities), dan ancaman (threats) dalam suatu proyek atau suatu spekulasi bisnis. Keempat faktor itulah yang membentuk akronim SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, dan threats).

Contoh analisis SWOT yang ada pada diri sendiri :

Strenght : Situasi kondidi yang merupakan kekuatan  seseorang, organisasi maupun sebuah program saat ini yang berperan atau berpengaruh positif di masa yang akan datang.

Strength pada diri sendiri :

- Gampang untuk memberi solusi dari sebuah masalah

- Selalu menjalankan visi dan misi

Weakness : Situasi / kondisi yang merupakan kelemaahan seseorang, organisasi maupun saat ini yang bisa berpengaruh negatif di masa yang akan datang.

Weakness pada diri sendiri :

- Sekali gagal, sulit untuk bangkit kembali

- Ceroboh dan gampang untuk mengambil keputusan

Opportunity : Situasi / kondisi peluang atau kesempatan yang berkembang di masa datang yang terjadi di luar diri sendiri, organisasi, atau sebuah program.

Opportunity pada diri sendiri :

- Menjadi pemain alat musik di gereja untuk mengembangkan bakat terpendam

Threat : Situasi / kondisi yang merupakan ancaman atau hambatan yang dapat mengancam eksistensi seseorang, organisasi atau sebuah program di masa datanng.

Threat pada diri sendiri :

- Selalu merasa pesimis di karenakan banyaknya pesaing yang lebih daripada saya.

Pertemuan 8

The Systems Approach

-          A problem solving technique that uses a systems  orientation to define problems and opportunities and develop appropriate and feasible solutions.

-          Analyzing a problem and formulating a solution involves the following interrelated activities:

- Recognize and define a problem or opportunity using systems thinking

- Develop and evaluate alternative system solutions

- Select the system solution that best meets your requirements

- Design the selected system solution

- Implement and evaluate the success of the designed system

System Thinking

-          Seeing the forest and the trees in any situation by:

o   Seeing interrelationships among systems rather than linear cause and effect chains whenever events occur

o   Seeing processes of change among  systems rather than discrete snapshots of change, whenever changes occur

-          See the system in any situation:

o   Find the input, processing, output, feedback and control components

Initiating Systems Development

-          Systems development initiatives

o   Arise from all levels of an organization

o   Can be planned or unplanned

-          Number of reasons for initiating systems development projects

o   Infrastructure protection, mergers, acquisitions, federal regulations, etc.

Establishing Objectives for Systems Development

-          Overall objective of systems development: achieve business goals, not technical goals

-          Mission critical systems: play pivotal role in attainment

-          Goals defined for an organization also define objectives

-          Critical success factors (CSFs): factors  essential to success of a functional area of an organization

-          Performance objectives

o   Output quality or usefulness

o   Output accuracy

o   Output format quality or usefulness

o   Speed at which output is produced

o   Scalability of resulting system

o   Risk of the system

-          Cost objectives

o   Development costs

o   Costs of uniqueness of system application

o   Fixed investments in hardware and related equipment

o   Ongoing operating costs

Pertemuan 7

Customer Relationship Management

CRM menggunakan teknologi untuk :

-          Menciptakan sistem perusahaan  yang lintas fungsional

-          Mengintegrasikan dan mengotomatisasi proses  penjualan, pemasaran dan layanan pelanggan untuk berinteraksi dengan pelanggan

-          Menciptakan framework dari web enabled software dan database yang terintegrasi dengan proses bisnis lainnya

CRM applications

Contract and Account Management

-          Membantu sales, marketing dan service professionals

-          Menangkap dan melacak data pada masa lalu dan direncanakan  kontak dengan pelanggan saat ini dan prospek pelanggan selanjutnya

Sales

-          Menyiapkan tenaga penjualan dengan perangkat lunak dan data yang mereka butuhkan untuk mendukung dan mengelola kegiatan penjualan

-     Cross selling adalah mencoba untuk menjual pada pelanggan dari satu produk dengan produk terkait

-     Up selling adalah mencoba untuk menjual pada pelanggan produk yang lebih baik dari yang mereka cari

Marketing and Fulfillment

-          membantu para marketing professionals penyelesaikan kampanye direct marketing

Customer Service and Support

-          Melengkapi para tenaga penjualan dengan software danakses database ke database customer yang disediakan oleh bagian sales and marketing

-          Membantu untuk menciptakan, menentukan  dan mengontrol serta mengendalikan permintaan pelayanan

-          Call center software membuat jalur panggilan ke agen customer support berdasarkan keterampilan dan jenis panggilan

-          Help desk software menyediakan data dan saran yang sesuai untuk memecahkan masalah bagi bagian customer service agar dapat membantu masalah pelanggan.

Retention and Loyalty Programs

-          Mencoba untuk membantu perusahaan  mengidentifikasi, memberikan penghargaan

dan memasarkan kepada para pelanggan yang paling setia dan profitable

-          Data mining tools dan analytical software

-          Customer data warehouse

CRM benefits

-          mengidentifikasi dan menargetkan pelanggan terbaik

-          real time kustomisasidan personalisasi produk dan layanan

-          melacak kapan pelanggan melakukan kontak ke perusahaan

-          memberikan pengalaman layanan pelanggan  yang konsisten dan layanan yang unggul dan  dukungan.

Reasons for RCM failures

-          kurangnya pemahaman dan persiapan

-          Mengandalkan pada aplikasi untuk memecahkan masalah tanpa terlebih dahulu mengubah proses bisnis

-          stakeholder bisnis tidak berpartisipasi dan tidak siap

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Cross functional enterprise system

-          with an integrated suite of software modules

-          yang mendukung proses bisnis dasar internal perusahaan

Business benefits of ERP

-          Quality and efficiency

-          Decreased costs

-          Decision support

-          Enterprise agility

Causes of ERP failure

-          meremehkan kompleksitas pengembangan,  perencanaan dan pelatihan

-          kegagalan untuk melibatkan karyawan yang terkena dampak dalam perencanaan dan pengembangan

-          mencoba melakukan terlalu banyak dan  terlalu cepat

-          Kurang cukup pelatihan dalam tugas tugas kerja baru

-          kegagalan untuk melakukan konversi data dan pengujian yang cukup

-          ketergantungan yang lebih pada vendor ERP atau perusahaan konsultan\

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

-          A cross functional  interenterprise system

-          Untuk membantu mendukung dan mengelola hubungan antara proses bisnis utama dari perusahaan

-          Serta pelanggan pemasok dan mitra bisnis

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

-          The electronic exchange of business transactions

-          Over the Internet and other networks

-          Between supply chain trading partners